Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer

Radiotherapy is a common treatment after breast surgery. It uses carefully targeted radiation to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of the cancer returning. This video explains how radiotherapy works; what to expect; and how to manage any side effects. Radiotherapy uses high-energy X-rays to treat the area where the cancer was found. The treatment is carefully planned to target cancer cells while minimising effects on surrounding healthy tissue. It typically begins four to six weeks after surgery, once you have recovered from your operation. You will receive radiotherapy as an outpatient, which means you do not need to stay in hospital. Treatment is delivered using a special X-ray machine, and each session is called a fraction. Most patients receive five fractions over one week - though some may have a longer course of fifteen fractions. If your cancer was on the left side of your chest, you may be asked to hold your breath during treatment. This technique, called deep inspiration breath hold, moves your heart away from the treatment area and helps protect it from the radiation. Before treatment begins; a planning session will take place. Small permanent marks, similar to tiny tattoos, may be made on your skin. These help the radiotherapy team position you accurately for each session. The treatment itself is painless - and each fraction takes only a few minutes. Common side effects include tiredness and skin changes in the treated area. Your skin may become red; dry; or itchy and if you have black or brown skin, the area may become darker. These effects usually improve within a few weeks of finishing treatment. To care for your skin during radiotherapy, avoid putting anything on it without checking with your team first. Have cool showers, wear loose clothing - and gently pat the area dry rather than rubbing. Also avoid shaving your underarm, and swimming if your skin is irritated. Some effects from radiotherapy may appear months or years later. The breast may feel slightly firmer, or smaller - and small red marks called telangiectasia can develop on the skin. Any tenderness usually improves over time and the clinical team will monitor you at follow-up appointments. If you have questions about radiotherapy - or how to manage side effects, please speak to your breast-care nurse or oncology team. Many thanks for watching.